vim cheat sheet

" file: vim-cheat-sheet.vim v.1.1.0 docs at the end

" 

" how-to start vim in the shell by opening list of files 

vim -o /path/to/some/file-1 /path/to/another/file-2

" how-to exit without saving (the hyphen meaning is the same for all commands )

:q! 

" open all the perl files in the current directory 

vim *.pl  

" open a new bugger with the ouptput from a command

find ~ -name '*vim*' | vim -

" press Esc press w to save the file ,q to quit , ! for not saving anything

:wq!

" how-to open a directory 

:e /etc/

"how-to save the changes  were editing. For saving the file under a different name, specify the file name.

:w 

" how-to list the opened files ( called in vim buffers ) 

:ls

" how-to close a buffer  

:bd <<buffer_number>>

" how-to close the current buffer 

:bd 

"Write the file and exit.

:wq 

" how-to reload the current buffer if the file has been edited by another tool

:edit

" how-to get help 

:help 

"how-to search or jump to 

/itemToSearchInTheText

" Hit Enter

" hit n to jump to the next match 

" hit N to jump to the previous match 

"how-to navigate in the text

" enter normal mode first , note this navigation keys work only in normal and visual modes

Esc

" how-to go one line below

j

" how-to go one line up 

k 

" how-to go one character left in normal mode  

l

" how-to go one character right in normal mode

h

" how-to backward a word in normal mode 

B

" how-to foward a word in normal mode 

e

" how-to go the begining of the document in normal mode

gg

" how-to go the end of the document 

G

" how-to jump to line number xxx ( for example line number 34 ) 

34G 

" how-to jump back from where you were in the previous time

' -(Press ' twice ) jump back to line (where you came from) 

" go to the beginning of the line 

^

" jump to the end of a line.

$ 

" jump to the beginning of a word.

b 

" go backwards a word 

B

" jump to a stringToSearchFor

:/stringToSearchFor

" jump to the previous occurence once having hit enter after the search 

N

" jump to the matching brackets [](){} .

" go on top of the bracket and press 

%

" how-to delete text

" how-to delete the current line 

dd 

" or 

:d 

" how-to delte 3 lines in normal mode

3d

" START COPY PASTE 

" how-to select text and copy paste

" first enter into visual mode 

Esc,v 

" navigate within the text with the navigation keys ( see above ) 

j,k,l,h

" than yank the selected into the register ( Ctrl + C in Windows - copy to clipboard ) 

y 

" or to cut it after the selection into the register ( Ctrl + X in Windows - cut it into the clipboard ) 

d 

" in visual mode Yank the current line. You do not need to highlight it first.

yy or :y or Y 

" Esc to run into the normal mode,navigate to the place where to paste the text and paste it: 

p 

" Undo the last actionUndo the last action

u 

" STOP COPY PASTE 

" START working with buffers 

" list the currently opened buffers ( or files for writing ) 

:ls

" open a file as another bugger

:e /path/to/file3

" switch again to the first bugger 

:b 1

" switch to the next buffer without saving the current one 

:bn!

" switch to the previous file buffer ( your will be prompted to save it if you have not done it yet)

:bp  

" go to the next buffer

:cnext 

" open the file under the cursor in Normal mode

gf 

" opens a new file in a new window

:split /usr/share/some.file  

" STOP working with buffers 

" START SEARCH AND REPLACE 

" how-to search and replace text with confirmation before each replace 

:%s/search_for_this/replace_with_this/c

" how-to Find and replace 

:%s/foo/bar/g Replace every occurrence of the word foo with bar in the whole file.

" how-to remove all the lines containing the string "clear"

:%s/^.*clear$\n//gi  

" For all lines in a file, find "string_to_find" and replace with "string_to_replace" for each instance on a line. Ask for confirmation 

:%s/string_to_find/string_to_replace/gc 

"  - For all lines between line marked "a" (ma) and line marked "b" (mb), find string "fff" and replace with string "rrrrr" for each instance on a line. Case insensitive. 

:'a,'bs/fff/rrrrr/gi

" For all lines in a file, delete blank spaces at end of line. 

:%s/*$/ 

" For all lines in a file, move last field delimited by ":" to the first field. Swap fields if only two.

:%s/\(.*\):\(.*\)/\2:\1/g 

" how-to get help on search and replace commands  

:help substitute 

:help pattern 

" STOP SEARCH AND REPLACE 

" where vim sets the settings of the "sessions" 

vim ~/.viminfo

" How to edit the colors of the current color scheme: 

" 1. Check the name of your current color scheme located at: /root/.vimrc or /home/usrname/.vimrc (attention come kind of aliasing ... )

:colorscheme elflord

" 2. Edit the current colorsheme 

locate elflord.vim 

" search for the section containinng the colors would like to edit

/comments

" 3. Pick a HEX number for the color of the comments you would prefer to have .. "40FF00 (google color table )

" Enters the file under the cursor into the editor in you commend line (normal mode).

Ctrl-R Ctrl-F 

Ctrl-R Ctrl-A Enters the text from the editor in you commend line (normal mode).

" As most other *nix applications, you can also pause Vim with Ctrl-z, which will drop you back to the shell. When you are re finished, you can resume Vim with fg. (This is a feature of the shell, not a Vim feature.)

" how-to show the current directory

:!pwd"  

" START folding 

" jump to the beginning char of the folding - for example the brackets of the function 

e

" change to visual mode

Esc , v

" select till the end of the desired folding region 

%

" to fold the region type the following command

:fold

" to open the just closed folded region 

zo 

" to close it back again 

zc 

" STOP folding

   " START indending 

   " enter normal mode

   Esc

   " enter visual mode

   v

   " select the text you would like to intent / shift wit the navigation keys

   " shift with 

   >>

   " or 

   <<

   " STOP indending 

" START SETTINGS 

" all of those could be set in the ~/.vimrc file 

" adjust the amount of space on pressing tab

:set tabstop=3

" set cursor showing matching brackets 

:set showmatch 

" set the appearance on the left side for the line numbers

:set number

" set syntax highlighting 

:set 

" set a specific type of syntax 

:set syntax=html

" set the heigt of the window 

:set winheight=90 

" set the default shift width 

:set sw=3

" set the columnn width to 120 characters 

:set co=120 

" set wrapping 

:set wrap 

" STOP SETTINGS 

" how-to create your own syntax highting 

" create your customizable syntax highlighting dir

mkdir -p ~/.vim/syntax/

" copy the already existing syntax file to this folder

cp -c /cygdrive/f/cygwin/usr/share/vim/vim73/syntax/perl.vim ~/.vim/syntax/

" edit the "overriding " syntax file 

: e ~/.vim/syntax/perl.vim

"

" START COMMANDS 

" Any UNIX command can be executed from the vi command line by typing an "!" before the UNIX command. 

" how-to insert the current date 

:r! date +"\%Y-\%m-\%d \%H:\%M:\%S"

" how-to insert the full paths from the current directory 

:r! find `pwd`

" navigate onto a file path and press 

gf

" to openn it into another buffer

" STOP COMMANDS 

"START Mappings 

"show all the mappings 

:map

" the keyboard shortcuts performing user defined commands which could be saved in the .vimrc file

" Ctrl + Tab for switching to the next buffer

map <C-Tab> :bn!<CR> 

map <f4> :bn! <CR> :bd "<CR>  Ctrl + F4 - for closing the current buffer

" STOP Mappings 

" 

" Purpose: 

" to provide a tutorial-like vim-cheat-sheet 

" 

" sources 

http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialAdvanced_vi.html

" 

" VersionHistory

" 1.0.1 --- 2012-12-26 11:58:40 --- ysg --- enhancements 

" 1.0.0 --- 2012-12-25 10:30:16 --- ysg --- Initial creation 

"

" eof file: vim-cheat-sheet.vim

.vimrc example

" file:~/.vimrc v1.0.0 docs at the end 

" enable syntax hightlighting 

syntax on 

" allways show status line

set ls=2 

" set the default windows height to 92

set winheight=92

" set the brightest possible colorscheme 

colorscheme elflord 

" set the number of spaces the tab should produce

set tabstop=3

" display always the row number on the left 

set number 

" ignore case when searching

set ignorecase     

" show the title in the console title bar 

set title

" smooth changes 

set ttyfast 

" highlight the searched items  

set hlsearch

" autoindent by default 

set autoindent

" enable MUI type of buffer switching 

" NOK map <C-Tab> :bn!<CR>

" purpose:

" provide the defaults for the vim on the hostname host

" credits and sources : http://phuzz.org/vimrc.html

"

" VersionHistory

" 1.0.0 --- 2012-12-24 14:22:52 --- ysg --- Initial creation from source  

" eof file: ~/.vimrc 

pre class=

bash stub

#!/bin/bash

# File: sh-stub.sh v.1.5.0 docs at the end 

umask 000 ; 

# print the commands 

# set -x

# print each input line as well

# set -v

# exit the script if any statement returns a non-true return value. gotcha !!!

# set -e 

#

# parse the single letter command line args 

doParseCmdArgs(){

while getopts ":a:h" opt; do

  case $opt in

    a)

      doLog "-a cmd arg was triggered, Parameter: $OPTARG" >&2

      export vars="$vars $OPTARG"

      doLog "\$vars is $vars"

      ;;

    h)

      doLog "-h cmd arg was triggered, Parameter: $OPTARG" >&2

      doPrintHelp 0

      ;;

    \?)

      doLog "Invalid option: -$OPTARG" >&2

      doPrintHelp 2

      exit 1

      ;;

    :)

      doLog "Option -$OPTARG requires an argument." >&2

      doPrintHelp

      exit 1

      ;;

  esac

done

}

# eof func doParseCmdArgs

#

# set the variables from the $0.`hostname`.conf file which has ini like syntax

doSetVars(){

   MyDir=`dirname $(readlink -f $0)`

   Tmp="$MyDir/tmp/tmp.$$"

   mkdir -p $Tmp           #create the tmp dir if it does not exist 

   ( set -o posix ; set ) >$Tmp/variables.before 

   MyName=`basename $0`

   IniFile="$MyDir/$MyName.`hostname`.conf"

   IniSection=MainSection

   LogFile="$MyDir/$MyName.log"

   # get the machine / host specific configuration 

   for i in {1..5} ; do cd .. ;done ;

   ProductBaseDir=`pwd`;

   export ProductBaseDir;

   cd "$MyDir/"

   doParseIniFile

   #source $0

   ( set -o posix ; set ) >$Tmp/variables.after

   doLog " Using the following vars :"

   cmd="comm --nocheck-order -3 $Tmp/variables.before $Tmp/variables.after"

   doRunCmdAndLog $cmd

   rm -fr "$Tmp/"

}

# eof function doSetVars

#

# parse the ini like $0.hostname.conf and set the variables

doParseIniFile(){

   eval `sed -e 's/[[:space:]]*\=[[:space:]]*/=/g' \

      -e 's/;.*$//' \

      -e 's/[[:space:]]*$//' \

      -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//' \

      -e "s/^\(.*\)=\([^\"']*\)$/\1=\"\2\"/" \

      < $IniFile \

      | sed -n -e "/^\[$IniSection\]/,/^\s*\[/{/^[^;].*\=.*/p;}"`

}

# eof function doParseIniFile

#

# run a command and log the call and its output to the LogFile

# usage: doRunCmdAndLog $cmd

doRunCmdAndLog(){

   cmd="$*" ; 

   doLog " DEBUG running cmd : \"$cmd\""

   Msg=$($cmd 2>&1)

   [ $? -eq 0 ]  || doLog "ERROR : Failed to run the following command \"$cmd\" with the following output \"$Msg\" !!!"

   doLog " DEBUG : cmdoutput : \"$Msg\""

}

# eof function doRunCmdAndLog

#

# run a command on failure exit with message

# usage: doRuncmdOrExit $cmd

doRuncmdOrExit(){

   cmd="$*" ; 

   doLog " DEBUG running cmd : \"$cmd\""

   Msg=$($cmd 2>&1)

   # if error occured during the execution exit with error

   [ $? -eq 0 ] || doExit "ERROR : FATAL : Failed to run the following command \"$cmd\" with the following output \"$Msg\" !!!"

   #if no error occured just log the message

   doLog " DEBUG : cmdoutput : \"$Msg\""

}

# eof function doRuncmdOrExit

#

# runs procs in parallel on a file set from the the find command 

doRunProcsInParallel(){

   cmd="zgrep $strToGrep '{}' >> $FileFilteredResults"

   #todo remove echo 

   doLog "RUNNING cmd find ${DirFindRoot} -type f  -name ${nameFilter} -print0 | xargs -0 -I '{}' sh -c $cmd!!!"

   #Action !!!

   #debug sleep 1

   find ${DirFindRoot} -type f  -name ${nameFilter} -print0 | xargs -0 -I '{}' sh -c "$cmd"

}

# eof doRunProcsInParallel

#

# echo pass params and print them to a log file

doLog(){

      # check terminal if exists echo 

      test -t 1 && echo "`date +%Y.%m.%d-%H:%M:%S` [$$] $*"

      # check LogFile and 

      test -z $LogFile || {

        echo "`date +%Y.%m.%d-%H:%M:%S` [$$] $*" >> $LogFile

      } # eof test

 } 

# eof function doLog 

#

# perform the checks to ensure that all the vars needed to run are set 

doCheckReadyToStart(){

   test -f $IniFile || doExit 1 "Cannot find IniFile : $IniFile" 

}

# eof function 

# exit with passed status and message

doExit(){

  ExitCode=0 

  case $1 in [0-9]) 

  ExitCode="$1";

    shift 1;

    esac 

    Msg="$*"

    if [ "$ExitCode" != 0 ] ; then

      Msg=" ERROR --- ExitCode $ExitCode --- Msg : $Msg" 

    fi

    doLog " $Msg" 

    echo -e "\n\n"

    exit $ExitCode

}

# eof function doExit

#

# the main function called 

main(){

   doSetVars

   doParseCmdArgs $@

   doCheckReadyToStart

  }

# eof function main

doPrintHelp(){

   ExitCode="$1";

   echo ""

   echo ""

   echo `basename $0` "is an utlity script having the following purpose"

   echo " to provide an easy starting template for writing bash and sh scripts"

   echo " with  the following features: "

   echo " - prints the set in the script variables"

   echo " - separation of host specific vars into $0.`hostname`.conf file"

   echo " - doLog function for both xterm and log file printing"

   echo " - for loop examples with head removal and inline find and replace "

   echo " - getopts example for accepting cmd args "

   echo ""

   echo ""

   doExit $ExitCode "printing help and exit" 

}

# eof func doPrintHelp

# Action !!! call the main by passing the cmd args 

main $@

# Purpose:

# to provide an easy starting template for writing bash and sh scripts

# with  the following features: 

# - prints the set in the script variables

# - separation of host specific vars into $0.`hostname`.conf file

# - doLog function for both xterm and log file printing

# - for loop examples with head removal and inline find and replace 

# 

# ErrorCodes 

# 1 --- Cannot find conf file 

# 2 --- called with a wrong cmd argument or -h for help 

# 

# VersionHistory: 

# 1.5.1 --- 2012-12-15 23:38:46 --- ysg --- fixed bug with test

# 1.5.0 --- 2012-12-15 23:04:09 --- ysg --- Added getopts function for cmd parsing

# 1.4.2 --- 2012-11-09 13:10:03 --- ysg --- ErrorCode added , refactoring

# 1.4.1 --- 2012-11-09 13:10:03 --- ysg --- Refactoring 

# 1.4.0 --- 2012-10-24 08:57:01 --- ysg --- Added the doRunProcsInParallel function 

# 1.3.1 --- 2012-10-11 12:29:47 --- ysg --- doMethod naming , doExit change with ERROR

# 1.3.0 --- 2012-05-20 18:48:08 --- ysg --- replacing cmd with error output

# 1.2.6 --- 2012-05-02 20:41:11 --- ysg --- added for loop with pipes 

# 1.1.0 --- ysg --- add runcmd with erro

# 1.0.0 --- ysg --- Initial creation

# EOF File:sh_stub_cygwin.sh

\2\span class=

vim cheat sheet

   # how-to start vim in the shell 

   vim -o /path/to/file1 /path/to/file2

   # press Esc, press w to save the file ,q to quit

   wq!

   #how-to get help in vim 

   :help 

   #how-to search or jump to 

   /itemToSearchInTheText --- works without the colon also 

   #how-to navigate in the text

   # enter normal mode first 

   Esc

   # how-to go one line below

   j

   # how-to go one line up 

   k 

   # how-to go one character left in normal mode  

   l

   # how-to go one character right in normal mode

   h

   # how-to backward a word in normal mode 

   B

   # how-to foward a word in normal mode 

   e

   # how-to go the begining of the document in normal mode

   gg

   # how-to go the end of the document 

   G

   # how-to jump to line number xxx ( for example 495 ) 

   495G 

   # how-to jump back from where you were in the previous time

   ' -(Press ' twice ) jump back to line (where you came from) 

   #

   Ctrl + O --- Ctrl + I --- e - 0 To the beginning of a line.

   $ To the end of a line.

   b To the beginning of a word.

   :/tokenToSearch n - N 

   :%s/search_for_this/replace_with_this/c   - confirm each replace

   :?tokenToSearch n - Ctrl + o - Ctrl + i - N - 

   [](){} %

   Deleting 

   dd or :d Delete the current line.

   # how-to select text and copy paste

   # first enter into visual mode 

   Esc,v 

   # navigate within the text with the navigation keys ( see above ) 

   # than yank the selected into the buffer ( Ctrl + C in Windows - copy to clipboard ) 

   y 

   # or to cut it after the selection with 

   d 

   yy or :y or Y Yank the current line. You don't need to highlight it first.

   u Undo the last action

   Esc to run into the normal mode 

   p - to paste

   Find and replace 

   :%s/foo/bar/g Replace every occurrence of the word foo with bar in the whole file.

   :%s/^.*clear$\n//gi --- remove all the lines containing the string "clear" 

   Find/Replace: 

   Example: 

   :%s/fff/rrrrr/g - For all lines in a file, find string "fff" and replace with string "rrrrr" for each instance on a line. 

   :%s/fff/rrrrr/gc - For all lines in a file, find string "fff" and replace with string "rrrrr" for each instance on a line. Ask for confirmation 

   :'a,'bs/fff/rrrrr/gi - For all lines between line marked "a" (ma) and line marked "b" (mb), find string "fff" and replace with string "rrrrr" for each instance on a line. Case insensitive. 

   :%s/*$/ - For all lines in a file, delete blank spaces at end of line. 

   :%s/\(.*\):\(.*\)/\2:\1/g - For all lines in a file, move last field delimited by ":" to the first field. Swap fields if only two. 

   For more info type: 

   :help substitute 

   :help pattern 

   :help gdefault 

   :help cmdline-ranges

   where vim sets the settings of the "sessions" 

   vim /root/.viminfo

   vim /home/sysadmin/.viminfo

   vim /home/nortel/.viminfo

   How to edit the colors of the current color scheme: 

   1. Check the name of your current color scheme located at: /root/.vimrc or /home/usrname/.vimrc (attention come kind of aliasing ... )

   set colorsheme=dark

   :colorscheme elflord

   2. Edit the current colorsheme 

   /usr/share/vim/vim63/colors/darkblue.vim

   /comments

   3. Pick a HEX number for the color of the comments you would prefer to have .. #40FF00 (google color table )

   Ctrl-R Ctrl-F Enters the file under the cursor into the editor in you commend line (normal mode).

   Ctrl-R Ctrl-A Enters the text from the editor in you commend line (normal mode).

   Mappings 

   the keyboard shortcuts performing user defined commands which could be saved at the /etc/vimrc

   map <C-Tab> :bn!<CR> ---- Ctrl + Tab for switching to the next buffer

   map <f4> :bn! <CR> :bd #<CR> --- Ctrl + F4 - for closing the current buffer

   As most other *nix applications, you can also pause Vim with Ctrl-z, which will drop you back to the shell. When you're finished, you can resume Vim with fg. (This is a feature of the shell, not a Vim feature.)

   Any UNIX command can be executed from the vi command line by typing an "!" before the UNIX command. 

   Examples: 

   ":!pwd" - shows your current working directory. 

   ":r !date" - reads the results from the date command into a new line following the cursor.

   http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialAdvanced_vi.html

   Working with files

   :bn -- switch to the next file buffer

   :bp -- switch to the previous file buffer 

   :ls -- list the opened file buffers

   :buffer 17 --- go to the file with number 17 listed in the previous command

   Go to line 10 :10

   Redo Ctrl+R 

   gf -- open the file under the cursor in Normal mode

   :bd --- close the current file buffer

   :e /var/tmp.txt open new buffer (and window ) with the /var/tmp.txt file 

   :new /path/to/the/file/to/open in 

   set winheight=90 (also could be added to /etc/vimrc

   vim *.pl --- open all Perl scripts in the current directory

   :cnext :bn -- go to the next buffer

   :ls list all the buffers

   :bn 3 -- go the nubmer of the buffer listed from the previous command 

   to Quit VIM :q

   to delete the line in the executable mode – dd

   :split /usr/share/some.file --- opens a new file in a new window

   :e /usr/share --- opens a directory (in a new buffer , no windows to mess around ) 

   :w filename Save changes to a file. If you don't specify a file name, Vim saves as the file name you were editing. For saving the file under a different name, specify the file name.

   :wq Write the file and exit.

   :q! exit without saving (the hyphen meaning is the same for all commands )

   : start folding 

   select block, then :fold

   zo - open

   zc - close

   : stop folding

how-to add a host independant relative path to the @INC in perl

      BEGIN {

         # START add a host independant relative path to the @INC 

         my $cwd = "";

         # $1 is the basedir , $2 the dir separator , $3 the file name without the file ext , $4 the file ext

         $0 =~ m/^(.*)(\\|\/)(.*)\.([a-z]*)/;

         $cwd =~ s/\\/\//g;

         use Cwd 'abs_path';

         #resolve the run dir where this scripts is placed

         my $ScriptAbsolutPath = abs_path( $0 );

         #debug print "\$ScriptAbsolutPath is $ScriptAbsolutPath \n" ;

         $ScriptAbsolutPath =~ m/^(.*)(\\|\/)(.*)\.([a-z]*)/;

         # get the run of the current dir

         my $RunDir = $1;

         #change the \'s to /'s if we are on Windows

         $RunDir =~ s/\\/\//gi;

         # add the run dir 

         push( @INC, $RunDir);

         # split the string of the RunDir into parts , use the / as the delimiter

         my @DirParts = split( '/', $RunDir );

         # go 2 levels up from the cwd

         for ( my $count = 0; $count < 2; $count++ ) { pop @DirParts; }

         # resolve the product dir

         my $ProductDir = join( '/', @DirParts );

         # build the relative path for the lib dir 

         my $DirLibs = "$ProductDir/lib/perl/db" ; 

         # perldoc perlvar search for @INC

         push( @INC, $DirLibs) unless (grep {$_ eq $DirLibs} @INC) ; 

         #debug 

         print join ( "\ndir found in \@INC: \n" , @INC ) ;

         # STOP add a host independant relative path to the @INC 

      }   #eof BEGIN