Linux bash cheat sheet

ls -a -X -1

ls -al | more

history | grep cd -- where I have been lately ?

!345 --- I saw the command cd /to/some/suching/dir/which/was/very/long/to/type so I redid it and saved my fingers

vim fileName

command > command_output.txt

find / -name "filename" the same
find . linux | grep linux | less --- find all files and folders containing the word linux and pipe it to the less for easier viewing

alias ls='ls -1 -X --color=tty' --- nice display
Ctrl + A --- Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on
Ctrl + E --- Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on
history >history.txt ---- echo the last 1000 commands into a history.txt file

mkdir /mnt/usbflash
mount /dev/sdb1 -t vfat /mnt/usbflash

remember to change the path other wise you will get the device is busy errror

umount /mnt/usbflash

cat history.txt | mail -s "test file sending" -c dakotata(a)abv.bg yordan.georgiev(at)gmail.com ---- send that file to myself

head -n 20 tooLongFile -- display the first 20 lines of the file

vim /etc/bashrc ---change that uggly prompt

PS1="\u@\h \t \w\n\\$ "

/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail start | stop | status | restart

iptables -L -v --- see all the rules associated with the firewall

gunzip *file.zip

tar -xvf file.tar

To access the server download winscp.exe:

::start winscp with a stored session

winscp nixusere@192.168.254.23

To start remote session click on the putty screen , configure putty settings to pull full screen with alt + Enter

right click on the title bar , settings , change the font , copy paste from and to the terminal window text





ensure the sshd daemon is running ps -ef | grep sshd

Logon as user with restricted rights



^([ ]*)([0-9]*)(.*)$ --- remove all trealing spaces from the history file works for TextPad

\3 --- replace with the pure commands



User and group management

useradd -p winscppass -r winscp -d /home/winscp --- to add a user with specifig home directory name and pass

luserdel winscp --- delete the user

gpasswd: administer the /etc/group file
groupadd: Create a new group
groupmod: Modify a group
groupdel: Delete a new group

useradd: Create a new user or update default new user information
usermod: Modify a user account
userdel: Delete a user account and related files

tail -n 5 /root/.bash_history >> /var/run.sh --- take the last 5 commands for faster execution to the temp execution script

killall -v -i sshd ---- kill sshd processes interactively



du --max-depth=1 /home | sort -n -r

the most efficent way to search your history is to hit Ctrl R and type the start of the command. It will autocomplete as soon as there’s a match to a history entry, then you just hit enter. If you want to complete the command (add more stuff to it ) use the right arrow to escape from the quick search box ...

How to install Perl modules

gzip -dc yourmodule.tar.gz | tar -xof -

perl Makefile.PL

make test

make install

How to see better which file were opened , which directories were visited

type always the fullpath after the vi - use the $PWD env variable to open files in the current directory , thus after opening the file after:

vim /$PWD , press tab to complete the name of the current directory , type the name of the file

thus after

history | grep vim

the full list of opened files is viwed .

of course the same could be seen from the /home/username/.viminfo file /files

where to set the colors for the terminal (if you are lucky to have one with colors; )

/etc/DIR_COLORS

open a file containing "sh" in its name bellow the "/usr/lib" directory

:r !find /usr/lib -name *sh*

go over the file and gf

uname -a --- which version of Linux I am using

rmp -qa --- show all installed packages

passwd [username] --- change the password for the specified user (own password)



How to copy paste text in the putty window from client to server - click the right button of your pointing device

How to copy paste text from the putty window from server to client - right-click the window title and select copy all to Clipboard.